The neurons that restore walking after paralysis.
Source: PubMed · Index · Peer reviewed · real data
Published: 2022-11-01
The injury this work is about
The phase, the band and the outcomes this paper's studies were recorded under, explained in plain words.
What is being changed here, drawn
Inside the cord
The butterfly-shaped centre. Nerve cell bodies sit here: the signal arrives, is processed, and a command leaves.
- Cervical regionEight segments, C1–C8. The nerves to the diaphragm, the shoulders and the arms leave from here.
- Lumbar regionFive segments, L1–L5. The nerves to the hips and legs leave from here.
- Grey matterThe butterfly-shaped centre. Nerve cell bodies sit here: the signal arrives, is processed, and a command leaves.
- Ventral hornThe front part of the butterfly. The motor neurons that drive muscles directly sit here.
- Ventral rootThe bundle of fibres leaving the cord in front, carrying motor commands out to the muscles.
- Spinal nerveThe dorsal and ventral roots join and leave the spine as one nerve carrying both sensory and motor fibres. There are 31 pairs.
- Corticospinal tractA descending path from the motor cortex to the motor neurons. It carries voluntary movement and crosses to the other side in the brainstem.
- Motor signsWeakness, loss of voluntary movement, a change in tone. What exactly, and where, depends on the level and the completeness.
Identifiers
- DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05385-7
- PubMed ID: 36352232
- PMCID: PMC9668750
Claims this paper bears on
- Supports — Augmenting the activity of a specific population of excitatory interneurons in the intermediate laminae of the lumbar spinal cord promotes recovery of walking after spinal cord injury.
- Supports — Recovery of walking with epidural electrical stimulation and rehabilitation is accompanied by reduced neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord during walking.
- Supports — Spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord combined with neurorehabilitation restores walking after spinal cord injury.
- Supports — Ablation of a specific population of excitatory interneurons in the intermediate laminae of the lumbar spinal cord prevents recovery of walking after spinal cord injury.
Results extracted
| Result | Location in the source | Quotation |
|---|---|---|
| Cell fate · Exploratory | abstract | A single population of excitatory interneurons nested within intermediate laminae emerged. |
| Motor function · Exploratory | abstract | Although these neurons are not required for walking before spinal cord injury, we demonstrate that they are essential for the recovery of walking with EES following spinal cord injury. |
| Electrophysiology · Outside our vocabulary | abstract | This recovery involved a reduction in neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord of humans during walking. |
| Motor function · Exploratory | abstract | Augmenting the activity of these neurons phenocopied the recovery of walking enabled by EESREHAB, whereas ablating them prevented the recovery of walking that occurs spontaneously after moderate spinal cord injury. |
| Motor function · Exploratory | abstract | Augmenting the activity of these neurons phenocopied the recovery of walking enabled by EESREHAB, whereas ablating them prevented the recovery of walking that occurs spontaneously after moderate spinal cord injury. |
| Motor function · Outside our vocabulary | abstract | Here we show that spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbar spinal cord1-3 applied during neurorehabilitation4,5 (EESREHAB) restored walking in nine individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. |
Study
- 36352232/abstract human
- 36352232/abstract rodent
Who else says this
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- Publication record: Nobody has attested it
- Retraction: Nobody has attested it