A subject this map covers
Immunomodulatory drugs
Part of: Inflammation and immune response
What belongs here
Drugs that change the immune response after injury, other than steroids and minocycline, which have their own concepts.
What does not belong here, however close it looks
Immunosuppression to keep a graft alive is part of cell therapy.
What has been looked at
Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.
- Registered or indexed as work in people: 678 records · 1968–2026
- Indexed as work in animals: 932 records · 1982–2026
- Indexed as laboratory work: 34 records · 1991–2026
- The source has not said who or what was studied: 437 records · 1977–2026
- No matching published catalogue records are linked above. Human-review status must be checked on the evidence itself.
Published in this map
Catalogue records matching this subject. Publication here does not establish human review, measured results or effectiveness. Open a record to inspect its sources and evidence.
No published catalogue records match this subject yet.
This is a result within this map, not a claim that no research exists. The source records below can help you continue searching.
Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked
Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.
2081 records
This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.
Indexed as laboratory work
- Biomimetic Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Applications Exhibit Stiffness-Dependent Immunomodulatory and Neurotrophic Characteristics. — PubMed · 2022 · Journal Article
- Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue-Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model. — PubMed · 2022 · Journal Article
- The Effect of Inflammatory Priming on the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Repair. — PubMed · 2021 · Journal Article
- Curcumin Protects against White Matter Injury through NF-κB and Nrf2 Cross Talk. — PubMed · 2020 · Journal Article
- IL-13 Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Promotes Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury. — PubMed · 2020 · Journal Article
- MiR-137-5p alleviates inflammation by upregulating IL-10R1 expression in rats with spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2019 · Journal Article
- Pifithrin-μ modulates microglial activation and promotes histological recovery following spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2019 · Journal Article
- Regulatory effects of dermal papillary pluripotent stem cells on polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in vitro. — PubMed · 2019 · Journal Article
- Dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates acute inflammatory activation in rats with spinal cord injury by inhibiting microglial TLR4/NF-κB signalling. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Axonal outgrowth stimulation after alginate/mesenchymal stem cell therapy in injured rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional culture promote neuronal regeneration by neurotrophic protection and immunomodulation. — PubMed · 2016 · Journal Article
- Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modulate the Inflammatory Milieu following Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2016 · Journal Article
- Programmed death 1 deficiency induces the polarization of macrophages/microglia to the M1 phenotype after spinal cord injury in mice. — PubMed · 2014 · Journal Article
- Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates the early inflammatory response following spinal cord injury in mice: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. — PubMed · 2014 · Journal Article
- Selective nanovector mediated treatment of activated proinflammatory microglia/macrophages in spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2013 · Journal Article
- Prolonged minocycline treatment impairs motor neuronal survival and glial function in organotypic rat spinal cord cultures. — PubMed · 2013 · Journal Article
- Curcumin attenuates the expression and secretion of RANTES after spinal cord injury in vivo and lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocyte reactivation in vitro. — PubMed · 2011 · Journal Article
- Efficacy of treatment with verbascoside, biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in an experimental mice model of spinal cord trauma. — PubMed · 2010 · Journal Article
- The effect of umbilical cord blood cells on outcomes after experimental traumatic spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2010 · Journal Article
- Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in chemical toxicity: a battle of forces. — PubMed · 2009 · Journal Article
- An in vitro model of neurotrauma in organotypic spinal cord cultures from adult mice. — PubMed · 2002 · Journal Article
- Heme oxygenase-1 expression after spinal cord injury: the induction in activated neutrophils. — PubMed · 2002 · Journal Article
- No protective effect of the NMDA antagonist memantine in experimental spinal cord injuries. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Treatment of mammalian spinal cord injury with antioxidants. — PubMed · 1991 · Journal Article
The source has not said who or what was studied
- Sequential modulation of the cGAS-STING pathway promotes spinal cord injury repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- GDNF-Enriched Small Extracellular Vesicle-Loaded ROS-Scavenging Hydrogel Promotes Neural Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Kaempferide Promotes Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury and is Associated with Differential Regulation of ARG1, CA4, CYP1B1, and OAT. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Context-dependent CCL2-CCR2 signaling drives distinct immune infiltration programs in traumatic and autoimmune CNS disorders. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Beyond motor recovery: Stem cell-derived exosomes for sensory restoration and neuropathic pain relief after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- CCR2-high monocyte membrane-coated ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles attenuate spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neuronal death and neuroinflammation via Nrf2/GPX4 axis activation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Modulation of p38 MAPK signaling in spinal cord injury by curcumin: targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Neutrophil-Hitchhiking and Microenvironment-Responsive Cascade Nanoparticles for STING Inhibition and Spinal Cord Injury Repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Oleuropein Reduces Secondary Injury Pathways After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Via HMGB1-Associated Signaling. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Mapping Reveals Correlative Microglial Changes Associated with rTMS in the Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical translation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Transplantation of LPS, IL-4, and TGF-β-induced reparative-biased macrophages promotes early motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Investigating the neurological function and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in small mammal spinal cord injury models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Magnesium and nerve injury: Mechanisms and applications. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Modulating Secondary Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury Affects Pathological Bladder Remodeling. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Minocycline in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- RVG-Functionalized Liposomal Mollugin: A Targeted Nanotherapy for Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- A Multidimensional Engineering Strategy Reprograms Microglia via Targeted and Sustained-Release Extracellular Vesicles for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Longitudinal changes in serum taurine following acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study of diagnostic performance and functional recovery. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Total Flavonoids from Hawthorn Leaves Alleviate Acute Inflammatory Responses Following Spinal Cord Injury by Downregulating the TLR4/NF-Κb Signaling Pathway. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- The bile acid receptor TGR5 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing AIM2-mediated pyroptosis. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Spinal cord stimulation: An emerging strategy for chronic pain relief after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Sequential delivery of STING inhibitor and rapamycin by a Sr-Zn mesoporous bioactive glass platform for spinal cord injury repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Examining Mgat5 upregulation's protective effects and underlying mechanisms in spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling with Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Responsive Hydrogel to Promote Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Interfering with PTBP1 expression promotes anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization alongside altered activity of the miR-124/p38MAPK pathway. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Response to “Nanoformulated fingolimod for spinal cord injury: promising anti‑neuroinflammatory effects but unsubstantiated bioavailability claims” — Crossref · 2026 · journal-article
- Immuno-engineered conductive hydrogels: Bridging neural signaling and microenvironmental remodeling for neural repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Tea egg-inspired high mechanical strength hydrogel microneedle patch combined with tea polyphenol-magnesium nanoparticles promotes spinal cord injury repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Neuroprotective potential of the natural polyphenol Procyanidin B2 in spinal cord injury: a comprehensive study utilizing machine learning, network pharmacology, and in vivo validation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor for spinal cord injury: Targeting JNK1 to relieve neuroinflammation and improve neural repair. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Trans-spinal magnetic stimulation upregulates microglial SOCS3 to attenuate neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Magnolol alleviates oxidative stress injury by modulating microglia activation and polarization in an experimental rat model of spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Exercise-derived exosomal miR-151-3p: An innovative anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic for spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Electrical stimulation and stem cell subdural implantation decrease microglia reactivity after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Regulation of microglial polarization via notch signaling pathway by intrathecal administration of tanshinone IIA-PLGA sustained-release microspheres to promote neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
Where this was looked for, and when
The latest collection walk and the accumulated shelf have different scopes. A zero applies only to that source query and its date window; older records may remain on the shelf. It does not mean no research exists.
| ClinicalTrials.gov | latest collection walk returned no records | asked on 2026-09-29 Collection window: 2026-09-16 – 2026-09-29 | matched in this collection walk 0 · accumulated records across collection walks 13 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossref | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-16 Collection window: all dates before the end date – 2026-09-16 | matched in this collection walk 1741999 · accumulated records across collection walks 50 | aim: a sample of the most relevant records. This source ranks a bag of words, so its own total is the size of the corpus that shares some of them, never a set still owed. |
| PubMed | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-10-12 Collection window: 2026-09-17 – 2026-10-12 | matched in this collection walk 17 · accumulated records across collection walks 2063 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
The question asked
- ClinicalTrials.gov
("immunomodulation" OR "anti-inflammatory") - Crossref
spinal cord injury immunomodulation anti-inflammatory - PubMed
("Spinal Cord Injuries"[MeSH Terms] OR "spinal cord injury"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord injuries"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord trauma"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Immunomodulating Agents"[MeSH Terms] OR "Anti-Inflammatory Agents"[MeSH Terms] OR "immunomodulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "anti-inflammatory"[Title/Abstract])