A subject this map covers
Epidural electrical stimulation
Part of: Neuromodulation
This map follows this subject as an approach
What belongs here
An electrode implanted in the epidural space over the cord, delivering current below the level of injury.
What does not belong here, however close it looks
Epidural stimulation purely for pain relief, with no motor or autonomic aim, belongs to the pain concept.
What has been looked at
Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.
- Registered or indexed as work in people: 896 records · 1945–2026
- Indexed as work in animals: 195 records · 1978–2026
- Indexed as laboratory work: 2 records · 2008–2025
- The source has not said who or what was studied: 145 records · 1990–2026
Published in this map
Catalogue records matching this subject. Publication here does not establish human review, measured results or effectiveness. Open a record to inspect its sources and evidence.
- Recovery of walking with epidural electrical stimulation and rehabilitation is accompanied by reduced neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord during walking.
- Spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord combined with neurorehabilitation restores walking after spinal cord injury.
- A brain–spine interface that links cortical signals to epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord restores standing and walking ability after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation improves functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation increases the excitability of spinal neurons after spinal cord injury.
- Efficacy of spinal cord epidural electrical stimulation in gait recovery of Spinal Cord Injury patients, a systematic review of human clinical trials
- Epidural electrical stimulation
- Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury.
- High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
- Advances in Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation for Motor and Autonomic Functions Recovery After Severe Spinal Cord Injury
- Combined Injury-site & Lumbosacral Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation
- Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Strategies for Motor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked
Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.
1238 records
This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.
The source has not said who or what was studied
- Development of an Activity-Dependent Epidural Stimulation System in Freely Moving Spinal Cord Injured Rats: A Proof of Concept Study. — PubMed · 2018 · Journal Article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation of Lumbosacral Networks Modulates Arterial Blood Pressure in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Cardiovascular Deficits. — PubMed · 2018 · Journal Article
- Normalization of Blood Pressure With Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation After Severe Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2018 · Journal Article
- Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Towards Closed-Loop Neuromodulation: A Wireless Miniaturized Neural Implant SoC. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Review of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Augmenting Cough after Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Effect of Treadmill Training Protocols on Locomotion Recovery in Spinalized Rats. — PubMed · 2017 · Journal Article
- Epidural and transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation for restoration of movement after incomplete and complete spinal cord injury — Crossref · 2016 · journal-article
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation for recovery from spinal cord injury: its place in therapy — Crossref · 2016 · journal-article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Restoration of Balance and Gait Following Spinal Cord Injury — Crossref · 2016 · journal-article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation — Crossref · 2015 · book-chapter
- Erratum: development of a multi-electrode array for spinal cord epidural stimulation to facilitate stepping and standing after a complete spinal cord injury in adult rats. — PubMed · 2015 · Published Erratum
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation — Crossref · 2015 · book-chapter
- Epidural Stimulation of the Spinal Cord — Crossref · 2015 · book-chapter
- Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation Enables Recovery of Voluntary Movement After Complete Motor Spinal Cord Injury — Crossref · 2014 · journal-article
- NewsCAP — Crossref · 2014 · journal-article
- Towards effective non-invasive brain-computer interfaces dedicated to gait rehabilitation systems. — PubMed · 2013 · Journal Article
- Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation frequency study in a group of patients with complex regional pain syndrome — Crossref · 2013 · dataset
- Epidural Spinal Electrical Stimulation (ESES) — Crossref · 2013 · book-chapter
- Transcranial stimulation measures explored by epidural spinal cord recordings — Crossref · 2012 · book
- After Epidural Stimulation, Spinal Cord Injury Patient Stands and Treadmill Steps — Crossref · 2011 · journal-article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Epidural Electrical Stimulation against Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats — Crossref · 2005 · journal-article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation: Indications and Technique — Crossref · 2003 · book-chapter
- Epidural electrical stimulation of posterior structures of the human lumbosacral cord: 3. Control of spasticity — Crossref · 2000 · journal-article
- Epidural electrical stimulation of posterior structures of the human lumbosacral cord: 2. quantitative analysis by computer modeling — Crossref · 2000 · journal-article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation: Anatomical and Electrical Properties of the Intraspinal Structures Relevant to Spinal Cord Stimulation and Clinical Correlations — Crossref · 1998 · journal-article
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in spinal cord injury patients lacks long-term efficacy and is not cost-effective — Crossref · 1998 · journal-article
- Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation (ESES) effect on penile flow: an experimental study — Crossref · 1995 · book-chapter
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation following intravenous prostaglandin E1 therapy in non-reconstructible peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage IV — Crossref · 1995 · book-chapter
- Mapping of sensory electrical responses to epidural spinal cord stimulation — Crossref · 1995 · book-chapter
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS): Implantation technique — Crossref · 1994 · book-chapter
- A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord — Crossref · 1992 · book-chapter
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation for outpatients — Crossref · 1990 · journal-article
- Epidural Spinal Electrical Stimulation — Crossref · book-chapter
- Epidural stimulation for urogenital dysfunction in the spinal cord injured rat. — Crossref · dissertation
- Multisite electrode arrays to optimize epidural stimulation for spasticity following spinal cord injury — Crossref · dissertation
- Robot-driven epidural spinal cord stimulation compared with conventional stimulation in adult spinalized rats — Crossref · dissertation
- Structural and Functional Myocardial Adaptations to Task-Specific Epidural Stimulation in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. — Crossref · dissertation
Where this was looked for, and when
The latest collection walk and the accumulated shelf have different scopes. A zero applies only to that source query and its date window; older records may remain on the shelf. It does not mean no research exists.
| ClinicalTrials.gov | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-29 Collection window: 2026-09-16 – 2026-09-29 | matched in this collection walk 1 · accumulated records across collection walks 55 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossref | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-16 Collection window: all dates before the end date – 2026-09-16 | matched in this collection walk 1988993 · accumulated records across collection walks 50 | aim: a sample of the most relevant records. This source ranks a bag of words, so its own total is the size of the corpus that shares some of them, never a set still owed. |
| PubMed | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-10-12 Collection window: 2026-09-16 – 2026-10-12 | matched in this collection walk 9 · accumulated records across collection walks 1166 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
The question asked
- ClinicalTrials.gov
("epidural stimulation" OR "epidural electrical stimulation" OR "implanted epidural stimulator") - Crossref
spinal cord injury epidural stimulation epidural electrical stimulation - PubMed
("Spinal Cord Injuries"[MeSH Terms] OR "spinal cord injury"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord injuries"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord trauma"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Spinal Cord Stimulation"[MeSH Terms] OR "Epidural Space"[MeSH Terms] OR "epidural stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "epidural electrical stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "implanted epidural stimulator"[Title/Abstract])