A subject this map covers
Epidural electrical stimulation
Part of: Neuromodulation
This map follows this subject as an approach
What belongs here
An electrode implanted in the epidural space over the cord, delivering current below the level of injury.
What does not belong here, however close it looks
Epidural stimulation purely for pain relief, with no motor or autonomic aim, belongs to the pain concept.
What has been looked at
Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.
- Registered or indexed as work in people: 896 records · 1945–2026
- Indexed as work in animals: 195 records · 1978–2026
- Indexed as laboratory work: 2 records · 2008–2025
- The source has not said who or what was studied: 145 records · 1990–2026
Checked
Records a person has read against the original and published into this map. These carry measurements, evidence states and a place on the ladder.
- Recovery of walking with epidural electrical stimulation and rehabilitation is accompanied by reduced neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord during walking.
- Spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord combined with neurorehabilitation restores walking after spinal cord injury.
- A brain–spine interface that links cortical signals to epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord restores standing and walking ability after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation improves functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation increases the excitability of spinal neurons after spinal cord injury.
- Efficacy of spinal cord epidural electrical stimulation in gait recovery of Spinal Cord Injury patients, a systematic review of human clinical trials
- Epidural electrical stimulation
- Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury.
- High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
- Advances in Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation for Motor and Autonomic Functions Recovery After Severe Spinal Cord Injury
- Combined Injury-site & Lumbosacral Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation
- Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Strategies for Motor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked
Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.
1238 records
This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.
Registered or indexed as work in people
- Trunk-mediated spinal cord stimulation: A step toward clinical implementation after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Neuromodulation in Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Cervical epidural venous engorgement after cerebrospinal fluid shunting: clinical-radiological correlation and systematic review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- VALSE: Integration of Neuromodulation and Exoskeleton Systems for Mobility in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Not Yet Recruiting
- Large Language Models for Epidural Stimulation Electrode Mapping in Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Observational · Active Not Recruiting
- Clinical applications of invasive spinal cord stimulation in neurological disorders: a narrative review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Combined activity-based therapy and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation as an intensification and supplemental approach for upper limb sensorimotor recovery: a randomised controlled trial protocol for in-patients with subacute spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Rewiring the paralyzed body's false alarm. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Transspinal stimulation preceding step training reorganizes spinal locomotor circuits in human spinal cord injury: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Sensor Inputs and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation in Spinal Cord Injury: From Animal Models to Clinical Translation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Intradural Fibrosis Following Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Placement: A Case Report. — PubMed · 2026 · Case Reports
- Spinal epidural electrical stimulation for the recovery of motor function in lower limbs after spinal cord injury: A pilot study. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Spinal cord lesion characteristics and early standing ability with and without epidural stimulation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Spinal cord neuromodulation for autonomic recovery following spinal cord injury: a scoping review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- [Central invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic pain : Epidural motor cortex stimulation and deep brain stimulation]. — PubMed · 2026 · English Abstract
- Moving from mechanisms to clinical practice: non-invasive spinal cord stimulation for recovery of autonomic functions after spinal cord injury - a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying leg muscle responses during cervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Non-invasive spinal cord neuromodulation enables volitional anti-gravity leg movements after motor-complete spinal cord injury: responders vs. non-responders. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Safety and Efficacy of High-Channel Implanted BCI for Motor Function Improvement in Tetraplegia Patients — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Not Yet Recruiting
- Partitioning of the nervous system following exoskeleton and epidural stimulation in spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Blood Pressure Increases in Spinal Stimulation: Reviewing Autonomic Dysreflexia and the Necessity for its Redefinition. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Early Application of Cervical and Thoracic Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation for High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Motivations and expectations for spinal cord epidural stimulation study participation: perspectives from individuals with spinal cord injury and caregivers. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Therapy-specific motoneuron activation with epidural and dorsal root ganglion stimulation in spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Efficacy of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation combined with resistance training on motor function in motor-incomplete spinal cord injury: protocol for an open-label, single-blind randomized controlled trial. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Epidural Stimulation to Restore Voluntary Movement Following Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Enrolling By Invitation
- Effects of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation on autonomic function in individuals with subacute spinal cord injury: A pilot clinical trial protocol. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- ARC-IM Therapy To Support and Promote Recovery of Ambulatory Functions in People With Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Combined Dorsal and Ventral Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Refractory Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report. — PubMed · 2026 · Case Reports
- Current Reporting Practices for Research Involving Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation for Persons Living with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Scoping Review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- CE-STAND: Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurologic Damage — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation combined with robot-assisted gait training to improve mobility and balance in spinal cord injury: intramuscular electromyography as a biomarker for functional recovery. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Acute and Chronic Repercussion of Spinal Cord Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Effective management of orthostatic hypotension in a patient with complete spinal cord injury using a portable transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation device: A case report. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Spinal Cord Stimulation Combined With Motor Training in Non-Traumatic SCI: A Prospective Interventional Study — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Interventional · Not Yet Recruiting
- Ventral Column Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Back and Leg Pain: A Case Series. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Walking back to the snow. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Effect of Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurological Damage: protocol for phase I/II open label controlled CE-STAND trial. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Regeneration and remyelination promoting effects of spinal cord stimulation following spinal cord injury: A scoping review. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Brain-computer interface commercialization. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- [Closed-loop spinal neural interface combined with rehabilitation training for incomplete spinal cord injury: a case report]. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Epidural Stimulation and Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026 · Observational · Completed
- Compressive cervicothoracolumbar epidural haematoma following lead insertion for spinal cord stimulator trial. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Comparative outcomes of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: peripheral nerve versus spinal cord lesions. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Robotic trunk perturbation magnitude affects standing postural responses in individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury receiving epidural stimulation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Non-invasive closed-loop spinal stimulation restores leg stepping control in humans with paraplegia. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- A Survey of Tests and Assessments Used for Spinal Cord Injury Transspinal Stimulation Research. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Biphasic Electrostimulation Artifact Model for ECAP Extraction in Spinal Cord Stimulation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Improved Sensation With Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Following Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Investigating the Effects of Repeated Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation on Spasticity and Gait in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Series. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- [Neurourology in neurorehabilitation: experience in implementing and analyzing the effectiveness of a new diagnosis-related group in patients with detrusor hyperactivity and spinal cord injury]. — PubMed · 2026 · English Abstract
- Patient-reported effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Protocol for Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Using Targeted Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation to Treat Hypotension During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation in Individuals With SCI. — PubMed · 2026 · Clinical Trial Protocol
- The Integrated Application and Future Trends of Multimodal Neuromodulation Techniques in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. — PubMed · 2026 · Journal Article
- Effectiveness of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for lower limb rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Restoring Walking in Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Electrical and optogenetic spinal cord stimulation for movement recovery after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Neurophysiological Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- The Neurophysiological Effects of Cervical Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation With and Without a High Frequency Carrier in Able-Bodied Adults. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Timing-dependent synergies between noninvasive motor cortex and spinal cord stimulation in chronic cervical spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
Where this was looked for, and when
The exact question each source was asked, the day it was asked, and what came back. A zero on this page is only honest if these are on it.
| ClinicalTrials.gov | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-29 | the source found 1 · this programme has 55 · still to fetch 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossref | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-16 | the source found 1988993 · this programme has 50 | aim: a sample of the most relevant records. This source ranks a bag of words, so its own total is the size of the corpus that shares some of them, never a set still owed. |
| PubMed | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-10-12 | the source found 9 · this programme has 1166 · still to fetch 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
The question asked
- ClinicalTrials.gov
("epidural stimulation" OR "epidural electrical stimulation" OR "implanted epidural stimulator") - Crossref
spinal cord injury epidural stimulation epidural electrical stimulation - PubMed
("Spinal Cord Injuries"[MeSH Terms] OR "spinal cord injury"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord injuries"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord trauma"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Spinal Cord Stimulation"[MeSH Terms] OR "Epidural Space"[MeSH Terms] OR "epidural stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "epidural electrical stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "implanted epidural stimulator"[Title/Abstract])