A subject this map covers
Inflammation and immune response
What belongs here
What immune cells do after injury — both as damage and as a necessary part of healing.
What does not belong here, however close it looks
Infection and sepsis are clinical management, a separate subject.
What has been looked at
Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.
- Registered or indexed as work in people: 769 records · 1981–2027
- Indexed as work in animals: 1704 records · 1975–2027
- Indexed as laboratory work: 73 records · 2001–2026
- The source has not said who or what was studied: 639 records · 1998–2026
- No matching published catalogue records are linked above. Human-review status must be checked on the evidence itself.
Published in this map
Catalogue records matching this subject. Publication here does not establish human review, measured results or effectiveness. Open a record to inspect its sources and evidence.
No published catalogue records match this subject yet.
This is a result within this map, not a claim that no research exists. The source records below can help you continue searching.
Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked
Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.
3185 records
This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.
Indexed as work in animals
- Support of axonal regrowth by endogenous mechanisms following spinal cord injury in adult rats. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces cFOS and strongly potentiates glutamate-mediated cell death in the rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- White matter preservation after spinal cord injury in ICAM-1/P-selectin-deficient mice. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Bone marrow chimeric rats reveal the unique distribution of resident and recruited macrophages in the contused rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Protective autoimmunity is a physiological response to CNS trauma. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Proliferation of NG2-positive cells and altered oligodendrocyte numbers in the contused rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha following acute spinal cord injury in adult rats. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Regenerating descending axons preferentially reroute to the gray matter in the presence of a general macrophage/microglial reaction caudal to a spinal transection in adult zebrafish. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Grafting of encapsulated BDNF-producing fibroblasts into the injured spinal cord without immune suppression in adult rats. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Inhibitory proteoglycan immunoreactivity is higher at the caudal than the rostral Schwann cell graft-transected spinal cord interface. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Experimental models of partial lesion of rat spinal cord to investigate neurodegeneration, glial activation, and behavior impairments. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- Oligodendroglial apoptosis occurs along degenerating axons and is associated with FAS and p75 expression following spinal cord injury in the rat. — PubMed · 2001 · Journal Article
- BDNF abolishes the survival effect of NT-3 in axotomized Clarke neurons of adult rats. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Up-regulation of CD81 (target of the antiproliferative antibody; TAPA) by reactive microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury in the rat. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Differential expression of tenascin-C, tenascin-R, tenascin/J1, and tenascin-X in spinal cord scar tissue and in the olfactory system. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Rapid upregulation of caspase-3 in rat spinal cord after injury: mRNA, protein, and cellular localization correlates with apoptotic cell death. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Sustained induction of heme oxygenase-1 in the traumatized spinal cord. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Up-regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) following traumatic spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Persistent accumulation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) expressing microglia/macrophages and upregulation by endothelium following spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Calpain activity and expression increased in activated glial and inflammatory cells in penumbra of spinal cord injury lesion. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Reactions of oligodendrocytes to spinal cord injury: cell survival and myelin repair. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in injured spinal cord and in activated microglia via a cAMP-dependent pathway. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Localization of transforming growth factor-beta1 and receptor mRNA after experimental spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Cytokine chemokine expression in contused rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Implications of p53 protein expression in experimental spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Leukaemia inhibitory factor is required for normal inflammatory responses to injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems in vivo and is chemotactic for macrophages in vitro. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Nerve growth factor in glia and inflammatory cells of the injured rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Survival effects of BDNF and NT-3 on axotomized rubrospinal neurons depend on the temporal pattern of neurotrophin administration. — PubMed · 2000 · Comparative Study
- A novel effect of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the production of reactive oxygen species by microglia: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. — PubMed · 2000 · Journal Article
- Modulation of macrophage and microglial responses to axonal injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- A model for long-term transgene expression in spinal cord regeneration studies. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- The effects of mitotic inhibition on the spinal cord response to the superimposed injuries of spinal cord hemisection and peripheral axotomy. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Long-term effects of methylprednisolone following transection of adult rat spinal cord. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Death of oligodendrocytes and microglial phagocytosis of myelin precede immigration of Schwann cells into the spinal cord. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of the Id gene family in astrocytes and microglia during CNS inflammatory injury. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Expression of ICAM-1 and CD11b after experimental spinal cord injury in rats. — PubMed · 1999 · Journal Article
- Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Tacrolimus (FK506) increases neuronal expression of GAP-43 and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Induction of microglial reaction and expression of nitric oxide synthase I in the nucleus dorsalis and red nucleus following lower thoracic spinal cord hemisection. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Apoptosis in cellular compartments of rat spinal cord after severe contusion injury. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the contused spinal cord of the rat. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Acute inflammatory response in spinal cord following impact injury. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Traumatic spinal cord injury induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation. — PubMed · 1998 · Journal Article
- Activated macrophage/microglial cells can promote the regeneration of sensory axons into the injured spinal cord. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Apoptosis of microglia and oligodendrocytes after spinal cord contusion in rats. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Glial changes in the phrenic nucleus following superimposed cervical spinal cord hemisection and peripheral chronic phrenicotomy injuries in adult rats. — PubMed · 1997 · Comparative Study
- Application of recombinant adenovirus for in vivo gene delivery to spinal cord. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Tenascin-C expression and axonal sprouting following injury to the spinal dorsal columns in the adult rat. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimental spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Spinal cord compression injury in guinea pigs: structural changes of endothelium and its perivascular cell associations after blood-brain barrier breakdown and repair. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Cellular inflammatory response after spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Grafting of cultured microglial cells into the lesioned spinal cord of adult rats enhances neurite outgrowth. — PubMed · 1997 · Journal Article
- Comparison of the growth and fate of fetal spinal iso- and allografts in the adult rat injured spinal cord. — PubMed · 1996 · Comparative Study
- Concept of autoimmunity following spinal cord injury: possible roles for T lymphocytes in the traumatized central nervous system. — PubMed · 1996 · Journal Article
- Genetic influences on cellular reactions to spinal cord injury: activation of macrophages/microglia and astrocytes is delayed in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration. — PubMed · 1996 · Journal Article
- Role of calpain in spinal cord injury: increased calpain immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord after impact trauma. — PubMed · 1996 · Journal Article
- Role of calpain in spinal cord injury: increased mcalpain immunoreactivity in spinal cord after compression injury in the rat. — PubMed · 1995 · Comparative Study
- The temporal and spatial activation of microglia in fiber tracts undergoing anterograde and retrograde degeneration following spinal cord lesion. — PubMed · 1995 · Journal Article
Where this was looked for, and when
The latest collection walk and the accumulated shelf have different scopes. A zero applies only to that source query and its date window; older records may remain on the shelf. It does not mean no research exists.
| ClinicalTrials.gov | latest collection walk returned no records | asked on 2026-10-05 Collection window: 2026-09-16 – 2026-10-05 | matched in this collection walk 0 · accumulated records across collection walks 3 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossref | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-16 Collection window: all dates before the end date – 2026-09-16 | matched in this collection walk 851312 · accumulated records across collection walks 48 | aim: a sample of the most relevant records. This source ranks a bag of words, so its own total is the size of the corpus that shares some of them, never a set still owed. |
| PubMed | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-10-12 Collection window: 2026-09-17 – 2026-10-12 | matched in this collection walk 29 · accumulated records across collection walks 3219 · still to fetch in this walk 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
The question asked
- ClinicalTrials.gov
("neuroinflammation" OR "microglia" OR "immune response") - Crossref
spinal cord injury neuroinflammation microglia - PubMed
("Spinal Cord Injuries"[MeSH Terms] OR "spinal cord injury"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord injuries"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord trauma"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Neurogenic Inflammation"[MeSH Terms] OR "Microglia"[MeSH Terms] OR "Neuroimmunomodulation"[MeSH Terms] OR "neuroinflammation"[Title/Abstract] OR "microglia"[Title/Abstract] OR "immune response"[Title/Abstract])