A subject this map covers
Epidural electrical stimulation
Part of: Neuromodulation
This map follows this subject as an approach
What belongs here
An electrode implanted in the epidural space over the cord, delivering current below the level of injury.
What does not belong here, however close it looks
Epidural stimulation purely for pain relief, with no motor or autonomic aim, belongs to the pain concept.
What has been looked at
Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.
- Registered or indexed as work in people: 896 records · 1945–2026
- Indexed as work in animals: 195 records · 1978–2026
- Indexed as laboratory work: 2 records · 2008–2025
- The source has not said who or what was studied: 145 records · 1990–2026
Checked
Records a person has read against the original and published into this map. These carry measurements, evidence states and a place on the ladder.
- Recovery of walking with epidural electrical stimulation and rehabilitation is accompanied by reduced neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord during walking.
- Spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord combined with neurorehabilitation restores walking after spinal cord injury.
- A brain–spine interface that links cortical signals to epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord restores standing and walking ability after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation improves functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury.
- Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation increases the excitability of spinal neurons after spinal cord injury.
- Efficacy of spinal cord epidural electrical stimulation in gait recovery of Spinal Cord Injury patients, a systematic review of human clinical trials
- Epidural electrical stimulation
- Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury.
- High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
- Advances in Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation for Motor and Autonomic Functions Recovery After Severe Spinal Cord Injury
- Combined Injury-site & Lumbosacral Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation
- Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Strategies for Motor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked
Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.
1238 records
This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.
Registered or indexed as work in people
- OpenXstim: an open-source programmable electrical stimulator for transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation therapy. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- A circuit level investigation into the neuromodulatory effect of spinal cord stimulation for motor recovery. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Exploration of the Effectiveness and Mechanism of Personalized Epidural Electrical Stimulation in Improving Upper Limb Function in Participants With Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Functional outcomes and participants' perspectives during short-term application of spinal stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Clinical Trial
- Noninvasive Temporal Interference Electrical Stimulation for Spinal Cord Rehabilitation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation for Lower Limb Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Epidural electrical stimulation facilitates motor recovery in spinal cord injury involving the conus medullaris: A case study. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- A neuronal architecture underlying autonomic dysreflexia. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Characterizing spinal reflexes evoked by sensory spinal cord stimulation in people with lower-limb amputation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Participant Perspectives on an Invasive Spinal Neuromodulation Study for Functional Sensorimotor and Autonomic Restoration in Chronic Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Case Series. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Recent advances in potential mechanisms of epidural spinal cord stimulation for movement disorders. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Multisite Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Combined With Activity-Based Therapy When Delivered in a Community Rehabilitation Setting: A Real-World Pilot Study. — PubMed · 2025 · Clinical Trial
- On carrier frequency in transcutaneous spinal cord electrical stimulation: a narrative review. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Non-invasive spinal neuromodulation enables stepping in children with complete spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- An implantable system to restore hemodynamic stability after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Combined Injury-site & Lumbosacral Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Recent advances and future directions in spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: a multidisciplinary perspective. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Differential modulation of trunk muscle activation using thoracic epidural spinal stimulation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression approached by MRI: could it predict neurological peril? — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Spinal Cord Stimulation and Intrathecal Pump Infusion Management in Para-Athletes: A Retrospective Case Series. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- DGPC-Net: Dual Branch Gaussian Process Constrained Network for Spinal Cord Stimulation Effect Prediction. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Effects of withdrawal and re-application of spinal cord stimulation to restore cough. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Epidural Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury (T11-L3) — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- ISNCSCI Exam Changes Following Spinal Cord Stimulation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- PID Controlled Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Managing Orthostatic Hypotension in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- The Power of Placebo to Restore Neurological Function After Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Neuromodulation. — PubMed · 2025 · Editorial
- Transcutaneous stimulation of the cervical spinal cord facilitates motoneuron firing and improves hand-motor function after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Advances in Neuromodulation and Digital Brain-Spinal Cord Interfaces for Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Electrical spinal cord stimulation promotes focal sensorimotor activation that accelerates brain-computer interface skill learning. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Cervical spinal cord stimulation for treatment of upper limb paralysis: a narrative review. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Automated Selectivity-Driven Algorithm for Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- FDA-Cleared Noninvasive Spine Stimulation System Could Transform Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Hotspots and Trends in Spinal Cord Stimulation Research for Spinal Cord Injury: A Bibliometric Analysis with Emphasis on Motor Recovery (2014-2024). — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Activity-based recovery training with spinal cord epidural stimulation improves standing performance in cervical spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- [A simulation study of nerve fiber activation in the lumbar segment under kilohertz-frequency transcutaneously spinal cord stimulation]. — PubMed · 2025 · English Abstract
- Development and evaluation of a non-invasive brain-spine interface using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- A Rare Case of Spinal Cord Injury After Uncomplicated Implantation of a Spinal Cord Stimulator: A Case Report. — PubMed · 2025 · Case Reports
- Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Enables Novel Clonus Biomarker and Management in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Study. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Augmenting rehabilitation robotics with spinal cord neuromodulation: A proof of concept. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Study on Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of Epidural Electrical Stimulation to Manage Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Non-invasive cerebral and spinal cord stimulation for motor and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Cardiovascular safety of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in cervical spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Epidural Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Spatiotemporal spinal cord stimulation with real-time triggering exoskeleton restores walking capability: a case report. — PubMed · 2025 · Case Reports
- Transspinal stimulation downregulates flexion reflex pathways during walking in healthy humans. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation combined with robotic-assisted body weight-supported treadmill training enhances motor score and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- The Potential of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treating Spinal Cord Injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Short- and long-term effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on autonomic cardiovascular control and arm-crank exercise capacity in individuals with a spinal cord injury (STIMEX-SCI): study protocol. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Long-term Follow-up for Epidural Stimulation in SCI — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2025 · Interventional · Enrolling By Invitation
- High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Epidural Spinal Cord Compression due to Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: Systematic Review of the Literature with an Illustrative Case. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- High-frequency spinal cord stimulation in treatment of phantom lower limb pain following spinal cord injury: A case report. — PubMed · 2025 · Case Reports
- Non-invasive Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Programming Recommendations for the Treatment of Upper Extremity Impairment in Tetraplegia. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Thoracic spinal cord compression due to excessive scarring around surgical paddle epidural electrodes. Report of two cases with literature review. — PubMed · 2025 · Journal Article
- Targeting Cervical Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Functional Recovery — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2024 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Atypical Distribution of Upper Thoracic Epidural Local Anesthetic: Case Report. — PubMed · 2024 · Case Reports
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation neuromodulates pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in the control of spinal spasticity. — PubMed · 2024 · Journal Article
- Epidural spinal cord stimulation can facilitate ejaculatory response in spinal cord injury individuals: a report of two cases. — PubMed · 2024 · Case Reports
- Improving Balance After Spinal Cord Injury Using a Robotic Upright Stand Trainer and Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation — ClinicalTrials.gov · 2024 · Interventional · Recruiting
- Prevalence of autonomic dysreflexia during spinal cord stimulation after spinal cord injury. — PubMed · 2024 · Journal Article
Where this was looked for, and when
The exact question each source was asked, the day it was asked, and what came back. A zero on this page is only honest if these are on it.
| ClinicalTrials.gov | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-29 | the source found 1 · this programme has 55 · still to fetch 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crossref | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-09-16 | the source found 1988993 · this programme has 50 | aim: a sample of the most relevant records. This source ranks a bag of words, so its own total is the size of the corpus that shares some of them, never a set still owed. |
| PubMed | asked, and it answered | asked on 2026-10-12 | the source found 9 · this programme has 1166 · still to fetch 0 | aim: every record matching this question |
The question asked
- ClinicalTrials.gov
("epidural stimulation" OR "epidural electrical stimulation" OR "implanted epidural stimulator") - Crossref
spinal cord injury epidural stimulation epidural electrical stimulation - PubMed
("Spinal Cord Injuries"[MeSH Terms] OR "spinal cord injury"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord injuries"[Title/Abstract] OR "spinal cord trauma"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Spinal Cord Stimulation"[MeSH Terms] OR "Epidural Space"[MeSH Terms] OR "epidural stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "epidural electrical stimulation"[Title/Abstract] OR "implanted epidural stimulator"[Title/Abstract])