Epidural electrical stimulation

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What belongs here

An electrode implanted in the epidural space over the cord, delivering current below the level of injury.

What does not belong here, however close it looks

Epidural stimulation purely for pain relief, with no motor or autonomic aim, belongs to the pain concept.

What has been looked at

Counted from what the sources catalogue, not from reading the work. It says how much exists and over what span of years — never what any of it found.

• Registered or indexed as work in people: 896 records · 1945–2026
• Indexed as work in animals: 195 records · 1978–2026
• Indexed as laboratory work: 2 records · 2008–2025
• The source has not said who or what was studied: 145 records · 1990–2026

Checked

Records a person has read against the original and published into this map. These carry measurements, evidence states and a place on the ladder.

• Recovery of walking with epidural electrical stimulation and rehabilitation is accompanied by reduced neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord during walking.
• Spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord combined with neurorehabilitation restores walking after spinal cord injury.
• A brain–spine interface that links cortical signals to epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord restores standing and walking ability after spinal cord injury.
• Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation improves functional reconstruction of spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury.
• Combined epidural electrical and muscle stimulation increases the excitability of spinal neurons after spinal cord injury.
• Efficacy of spinal cord epidural electrical stimulation in gait recovery of Spinal Cord Injury patients, a systematic review of human clinical trials
• Epidural electrical stimulation
• Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury.
• High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
• Advances in Spinal Cord Epidural Stimulation for Motor and Autonomic Functions Recovery After Severe Spinal Cord Injury
• Combined Injury-site & Lumbosacral Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation
• Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Strategies for Motor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Found in the scientific sources, not yet checked

Titles and identifiers as the sources publish them. Nobody here has read these papers, and nothing on this shelf is a result, a recommendation or evidence that anything works. Each line opens the original.

1238 records

This grouping is the source's own cataloguing, not a reading of the paper. It says where a record was filed, not what it found.

Where this was looked for, and when

The exact question each source was asked, the day it was asked, and what came back. A zero on this page is only honest if these are on it.

Subjects next to this one

• Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation
• Intraspinal microstimulation
• Brain–spine interface